Food Addiction Reference list

Updated regularly

Baumeister, R. (2011). Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength. Penguin Press.

Bennett, E., Lycett, D., Whelan, M., Bellamy, E. L., Banks, S., & Patel, R. (2025). Feasibility and acceptability study of the Ultra Processed Food Addiction Online Community Intervention: Liberate. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1620372

Bremer, M. F., Garnweidner-Holme, L., Nesse, L., & Molin, M. (2023). Experiences of living with binge eating disorder and facilitators of recovery processes: A qualitative study. Journal of Eating Disorders, 11, Article 201.

Burrows, T. L., Kay-Lambkin, F. J., Pursey, K. M., Skinner, J., Watson, W. L., McGee, S. L., Sultana, L., Collins, C. E., & Food and Mood Centre. (2023). A three-arm randomised controlled trial of a telehealth intervention targeting improvement in addictive eating for Australian adults (the TRACE program). Nutrition & Dietetics, 80(3), 277–289.

Dafiny, M. C., et al. (2022). Prevalence of food addiction determined by the Yale Food Addiction Scale and its derivatives: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, 23(11), e13484.

de Vries, S. K., & Meule, A. (2016). Food addiction and bulimia nervosa: New data based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. European Eating Disorders Review, 24(6), 518–522.

Dennis, K. (2025, January 29). The future of ultra-processed food use disorder & eating disorder treatment [Audio podcast episode]. Food Junkies Podcast. Sweet Sobriety.

Earley, P. (2025, June). Neurobiology of Addiction [Lecture]. Nutrition Network Professional Training in Sugar & Carbohydrate Addiction.

Flanagan, M. (2025). What is it like to be an addict: Understanding substance abuse. Oxford University Press.

Food Addiction Solutions. (2024, May 17). International Food Addiction Consensus Conference (IFACC) 2024. The Collaborative Health Community Foundation.

Gearhardt, A. N., & Corbin, W. R. (2011). The role of food addiction in clinical research. Curr Pharm Des, 17(12), 1140-1142.

Gearhardt, A. N., Boswell, R. G., & White, M. A. (2014). The association of “food addiction” with disordered eating and body mass index. Eating Behaviors, 15(3), 427–433.

Gearhardt, A. N., Bueno, N. B., DiFeliceantonio, A. G., Roberto, C. A., Jiménez-Murcia, S., & Fernandez-Aranda, F. (2023). Social, clinical, and policy implications of ultra-processed food addiction. BMJ, 383, e075354.

Gearhardt, A. N., Corbin, W. R., & Brownell, K. D. (2009). Food addiction: an examination of the diagnostic criteria for dependence. Journal of addiction medicine, 3(1), 1–7.

Gearhardt, A. N., Corbin, W. R., & Brownell, K. D. (2016). Development of the Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0. Psychology of addictive behaviors. Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 30(1), 113–121.

Gearhardt, A. N., White, M. A., Masheb, R. M., Morgan, P. T., Crosby, R. D., & Grilo, C. M. (2011). An examination of the food addiction construct in obese patients with binge eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 44(5), 431–438.

Gearhardt, A. N., White, M. A., Masheb, R. M., Morgan, P. T., Crosby, R. D., & Grilo, C. M. (2012). An examination of the food addiction construct in obese patients with binge eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 45(5), 657–663.

Horsager, C., et al. (2023). Food addiction is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes. Clinical Nutrition, 42(5), 1234–1240.

Hu, S., Gearhardt, A. N., & LaFata, E. M. (2024). Development of the modified Highly Processed Food Withdrawal Scale (mProWS). Appetite, 198, 107370.

Ifland, J, M T Marcus, H. G. Preuss (2017) Processed Food Addiction: Foundations, Assessment, and Recovery Boca Raton, FL: CRC Group.

Ifland, J., & Brewerton, T. D. (2025). Binge-type eating disorders and ultra-processed food addiction: Phenomenology, pathophysiology, and treatment implications. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16, 1584891.  - awaiting publication

Jonsson, B. (2025, May). Clinician guide: Differentiating harmful use vs. addiction in sugar and carbohydrate consumption. Supplementary notes from lecture presented at the Nutrition Network’s Professional Training for Sugar and Carbohydrate Addiction.

Kajee, H. (2025, May). Metabolic health, inflammation, & food addiction: An overlooked connection. Lecture presented at the Nutrition Network’s Professional Training for Sugar and Carbohydrate Addiction.

Kessler, D. A. (2025). Diet, drugs, and dopamine: The new science of achieving a healthy weight. New River Books.

Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2016). Neurobiology of addiction: A neurocircuitry analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(8), 760–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)00104-8

LaFata, E. (2024) The Research on Why UPFA is Best Conceptualized as a Substance-Use Disorder. [Food Addiction Solutions]. (2024, May 17). International Food Addiction Consensus Conference (IFACC) 2024: The development of an international consensus on addiction-like symptoms related to food [Video]. YouTube.

LaFata, E. M., Allison, K. C., Audrain‑McGovern, J., & Forman, E. M. (2024a). Ultra‑processed food addiction: A research update. Current Obesity Reports, 13(2), 214–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-024-00569-w

LaFata, E. M., Worwag, K., Derrigo, K., Hessler, C., Allison, K. C., Juarascio, A. S., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2024b). Development of the Food Addiction Symptom Inventory: The first clinical interview to assess ultra-processed food addiction. Psychological Assessment, 36(11), 654–664.

LaFata, J., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2023). Cognitive behavioral therapy components for substance use disorders and binge eating disorder: Implications for treatment development for food addiction. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 92(3), 191–193.

Lustig, R. H. (2025). The battle over “food addiction.” Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1621742

Meule, A. (2019). A history of “food addiction”. In P. Cottone, V. Sabino, C. F. Moore, & G. F. Koob (Eds.), Compulsive eating behavior and food addiction: Emerging pathological constructs (pp. 1–13). Elsevier Academic Press.

Meseri, R., and C. Akanalci. (2020). “Food addiction: A key factor contributing to obesity?” Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (pp. 25: 71).

Monteiro, C.A., Cannon, G., Lawrence, M., Costa Louzada, M.L. and Pereira Machado, P. (2019). Ultra-processed foods, diet quality, and health using the NOVA classification system. Rome, FAO.

Munguía, L., Gearhardt, A. N., Flores, M., Jáuregui-Lobera, I., & Rodríguez-Testal, J. F. (2022). Ultra-processed food consumption, food addiction, and psychosocial functioning in adolescents. Appetite, 180, 106296.

National Eating Disorders Collaboration. (2022). Management of eating disorders for people with higher weight: Clinical practice guideline. Sydney, Australia: NEDC.

Neppala, R. B., Shaik, M. A., & Parvaz, M. A. (2024). Effectiveness of Emotion-Regulation Interventions on Substance Misuse: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Current Addiction Reports

Overeaters Anonymous. (n.d.). Fifteen questions: Are you a compulsive eater? Retrieved May 29, 2025, from https://oa.org/our-program/working-the-oa-program-of-recovery/tools-of-recovery/oa-questionnaire/

O'Hea EL, Edwards-Hampton SA, Beall Brown DL, Sonneville KR, Ziedonis DM, Gearhardt AN. The Food Addiction Clinical Treatment (FACT) Manual: A Harm Reduction Treatment Approach. Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Jul 1;14(7):557. doi: 10.3390/bs14070557.

Peirce-Thompson, S., Jacobs, M. J., & Wiss, D. A. (2025). Abstinence-based treatment of comorbid eating disorders and ultra-processed food addiction. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16, 1586490. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1586490  

Peirce-Thompson, S & E Considine (2022) Rezoom: The Powerful Reframe to End the Crash-and-Burn Cycle of Food Addiction, USA: Hay House.  

Peirce-Thompson, S (2017) Bright Line Eating - The Science of Living Happy, Thin and Free. USA: Hayhouse Inc.

Peirce-Thompson, S. (2024). UPFA Solutions: What Next? Food Addiction Solutions. [Food Addiction Solutions]. (2024, May 17). International Food Addiction Consensus (IFAC) 2024: The development of an international consensus on addiction-like symptoms related to food [Video]. YouTube.

Peirce-Thompson, S. , & Thaw, A. K. (2024). The badly behaving brain: How ultra-processed food addiction thwarts sustained weight loss. In Weight Loss: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. IntechOpen.

 Peirce-Thompson, S. (n.d.). Susceptibility quiz. Bright Line Eating. Retrieved May 29, 2025, from https://brightlineeating.com/susceptibility-quiz/

Praxedes, D. R. S., Silva-Júnior, A. E., Macena, M. L., Oliveira, A. D., Cardoso, K. S., Nunes, L. O., & Bueno, N. B. (2022). Prevalence of food addiction determined by the Yale Food Addiction Scale and associated factors: A systematic review with meta-analysis. European Eating Disorders Review, 30(2), 85–95.

Raymond, N. C., & Lovell, B. (2015). Food addiction associations with psychological distress among people with type 2 diabetes. Appetite, 95, 383–388.

Saner, E. M., Kalayjian, T., Buchanan, L., Calkins, M., Soto-Mota, A., Jun, D. K., & Sethi, S. (2025). TOWARD: A metabolic health intervention that improves food addiction and binge eating symptoms. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16, 1612551. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1612551

Schiestl, E. M., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2018). Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0: A dimensional approach to scoring. European Eating Disorders Review, 26(6), 605–617.

Schulte, E. M., Avena, N. M., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2015). Which foods may be addictive? The roles of processing, fat content, and glycemic load. PLOS ONE, 10(2), e0117959. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117959

Sykes, C., Sweezy, M., & Schwartz, R. C. (2023). Internal Family Systems Therapy for Addictions: Trauma-informed, compassion-based interventions for substance use, eating, gambling and more. PESI Publishing, Inc.  

Tarman, V (2019) Food Junkies: The Truth About Food Addiction. Canada: Dundurn. 2nd edition.

Tarman, V. (2024a). One size does not fit all: Understanding the five stages of ultra-processed food addiction. Journal of Metabolic Health, 7(1), Article a90. https://doi.org/10.4102/jmh.v7i1.90

Tarman, V. (2025a, May). Clinician’s guide to the stages of food addiction. Supplement notes to lecture presented at the Nutrition Network’s Professional Training for Sugar and Carbohydrate Addiction.

Tarman, V. (2025b, May). Clinician’s guide: Strategies for food addiction recovery and relapse management. Supplement notes to lecture presented at the Nutrition Network’s Professional Training for Sugar and Carbohydrate Addiction.

Tarman, V. (2025c, May). Food addiction and recovery [Lecture]. Nutrition Network Professional Training in Sugar & Carbohydrate Addiction.

Tarman, V. I. (2024b). Hard stop: Reestablishing the significance of abstinence in the treatment of late stage ultra-processed food addiction. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, Article 1488769. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11599604/

Unwin J, Delon C, Giæver H, Kennedy C, Painschab M, Sandin F, Poulsen CS and Wiss DA (2022) Low carbohydrate and psychoeducational programs show promise for the treatment of ultra-processed food addiction. Front. Psychiatry 13:1005523. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1005523

Unwin J, Delon C, Giæver H, Kennedy C, Painschab M, Sandin F, Poulsen CS and Wiss DA (2025a) Low carbohydrate and psychoeducational programs show promise for the treatment of ultra-processed food addiction: 12-month follow-up. Front. Psychiatry 16:1556988. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1556988

Unwin, J. (2023). Fork in the road: A hopeful guide to food freedom. Independently Published.

Unwin, J., Giaever, H., Avena, N., Kennedy, C., Painschab, M., & LaFata, E. M. (2025b). Toward consensus: Using the Delphi method to form an international expert consensus statement on ultra-processed food addiction. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16, 1542905. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1542905

Vasiliu, O. (2022) Current Status of Evidence for a New Diagnosis: Food Addiction-A Literature Review, Front Psychiatry (12)

Volkow, N. D., & Wise, R. A. (2005). How can drug addiction help us understand obesity?. Nature neuroscience, 8(5), 555–560.

Wilcox, C. E. (2025) Rewire Your Food-Addicted Brain: Fight Cravings and Break Free from a High-Sugar, Ultra-Processed Diet Using Neuroscience. New Harbinger Publications

Wilcox, C. E. (2021). Food addiction, obesity, and disorders of overeating: An evidence-based assessment and clinical guide. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Wiss, D. (2025, May 22). Pros and challenges of integration models. SFAP Expert Panel Round Table Discussion: Navigating Treatment Options for UPF Addiction.

Wiss, D. A. (2022). Clinical considerations of ultra-processed food addiction across weight classes: An eating disorder treatment and care perspective. Current Addiction Reports, 9(3), 411–418.

Wiss, D. A., Avena, N. M., & Rada, P. (2018). Sugar addiction: From evolution to revolution. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 545.

Yekaninejad, M. S., et al. (2021). Prevalence of food addiction in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, 22(6), e13183.

Other resources